FOUR weeks after former prime minister Sheikh Hasina fled Bangladesh by helicopter during a student-led revolution, analysts said she has become a diplomatic headache for her hosts in India.
Hasina’s tenure came to an end last month as protesters marched on her palace in the capital Dhaka, after 15 years characterised by rights abuses and opposition crackdowns.
Bangladeshi students who led the uprising are demanding she return from India, her biggest benefactor before her ouster, to be tried for the killing of protesters during the revolt.
But sending the 76-year-old back risks undermining India’s standing with its other neighbours in south Asia, where it is vying for influence with China.
“India is clearly not going to want to extradite her back to Bangladesh,” said Thomas Kean of the conflict resolution think-tank International Crisis Group.
“The message that would send to other leaders in the region who are close to New Delhi would not be a very positive one... that ultimately, India will not protect you,” he said.
New Delhi last year saw its preferred presidential candidate in the Maldives lose to a rival who immediately tilted the strategically placed luxury tourism destination towards Beijing.
Hasina’s toppling lost India its closest ally in the region.
Those who suffered under Hasina in Bangladesh are openly hostile to India for the abuses committed by her government.
India’s prime minister Narendra Modi has pledged support for the caretaker government that replaced Hasina, led by 84-year-old Nobel Peace Prize winner Muhummad Yunus.
But Modi, who has made championing the Hindu faith a key plank of his tenure, has also repeatedly urged Yunus’s administration to protect Bangladesh’s Hindu religious minority.
Hasina’s Awami League was considered to be more protective of Bangladesh’s Hindu minority than the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP).
Modi used his annual Independence Day (August 15) address in New Delhi to suggest Bangladeshi Hindus were in danger, and later raised the matter with US president Joe Biden.
Some Bangladeshi Hindus and Hindu temples were targeted in the chaos that followed Hasina’s departure in attacks that were condemned by student leaders and the interim government.
But exaggerated accounts of the violence were later reported by pro-government Indian news channels and sparked protests by Hindu activist groups loosely affiliated with Modi’s party.
Fakhrul Islam Alamgir, a top leader of the BNP, said India had put “all its fruit in one basket” by backing Hasina, and did not know how to reverse course.
“The people of Bangladesh want a good relationship with India, but not at the cost of their interests,” said Alamgir, one of thousands of BNP members arrested during Hasina’s tenure.
“The attitude of India unfortunately is not conducive to creating confidence.”
Such is the atmosphere of distrust, when deadly floods washed through both countries in August, some Bangladeshis blamed India for the deaths that resulted.
Bangladesh’s interim government has not publicly raised the issue of Hasina taking refuge in India with New Delhi – her last official whereabouts is a military airbase near the capital – but Dhaka has revoked her diplomatic passport, preventing her from travelling onwards.
The countries have a bilateral extradition treaty first signed in 2013 which would permit her return to face criminal trial. A clause in the treaty, however, says extradition might be refused if the offence is of a “political character”.
India’s former ambassador to Bangladesh, Pinak Ranjan Chakravarty, said the bilateral relationship was too important for Dhaka to sour it by pressing for Hasina’s return.
“Any mature government will realise that making an issue out of Hasina staying in India is not going to give them any benefits,” he said.
Anti-Racism protesters come out in support of refugees outside the Cladhan Hotel on September 13, 2025 in Falkirk, Scotland. (Photo by Jeff J Mitchell/Getty Images)